2 The World Bank has labeled civil wars as “development in reverse” 3 because of the reversal effects of civil wars on economic development. The adverse effects of civil wars on economic growth and development can hardly be overemphasized. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Yearbook 2000, of the 27 active armed conflicts going on around the world in 1999, about 41 percent were civil wars taking place in Africa. While the incidence of civil war has decreased globally, the incidence and intensity of civil war in Africa have been on the rise in the past few decades. The situation is particularly dire for countries such as Angola and Sudan, which have hardly experienced any significant period of peace since independence. In sub-Saharan Africa, about 20 countries have experienced at least one period of civil war since independence. These wars have killed approximately 20 million people and displaced about 67 million ( Doyle and Sambanis, 2003). Globally, there have been about 140 civil wars since the end of World War II. Low-intensity conflicts, civil strife, and war are major threats to economic growth and sustainable development. Ibrahim Kamara, Sierra Leone Ambassador to the United Nations 1 The root of the conflict is diamonds, diamonds, and diamonds. It has nothing to do with the so-called problem of marginalized youths or, as some political commentators have characterized it, an uprising by rural poor against the urban elite. We have always maintained that the conflict in Sierra Leone is not about ideological, tribal or regional differences.
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